Clinical Research & Evidence
Over 100 independent studies. 40+ years of research. The most researched device in its class.
Research Library
Anxiety Research, Studies, Trials and Reports
Randomized Controlled Trials
Park BS, Jin S, Kim WY, Kang DS, Choi YJ, Lee YS.
Comparison of the effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation and midazolam as preoperative treatment in geriatric patients: A CONSORT-compliant randomized controlled trial.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Sep 2; 101(35).
Liu, E., Zhang, W., Wang, J., Zhao, F., & Bai, Y.
Acupuncture combined with cranial electrotherapy stimulation on generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial.
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion. 2020; 40(11).
Ren, Y., Zhu, Y., Yang, J., & Ding, F.
Efficacy of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation on Anxiety and Sleep Qualities Among Elderly Patients with Chronic Sleep Disorders.
Chinese Journal Modern Nursing. 2019; 25(24).
Roh, HT. & So, W-Y.
Cranial electrotherapy stimulation affects mood state but not levels of peripheral neurotrophic factors or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation.
Technology and health care. 2017; 25(3):403–412.
Barclay TH, Barclay RD.
A clinical trial of cranial electrotherapy stimulation for anxiety and comorbid depression.
Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014; 164:171-177.
Bystritsky, A., Kerwin, L., Feusner, J.
A pilot study of cranial electrotherapy stimulation for generalized anxiety disorder.
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2008; 69:412-417.
Open-Label Clinical Trials
Kirsch TB, Kuhn J, Price LR, Marksberry J, Haltiwanger SG.
A novel medical device that relieves anxiety, depression and pain while improving sleep in a population of teachers.
Journal of Depression and Anxiety. 2019; 8:334.
Royal, S., Keeling, S., Kelsall, N., Price, L., Fordham, R., Xydopoulos, G., et al.
Feasibility, acceptability and costs of nurse-led Alpha-Stim cranial electrostimulation to treat anxiety and depression in university students.
BMC Primary Care. 2022; 23:97.
Morriss R, Price L.
Differential effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation on changes in anxiety and depression symptoms over time in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.
Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020, 277: 785-788.
Platoni K, Oakley R, Haltiwanger SG, Kirsch TB, Marksberry J and Price LR.
First responder research shows that electrical brain stimulation helps control anxiety, insomnia, and depression.
JJ Psych Behav Sci. 2019; 6(1): 25-31.
Yennurajalingam S, Kang D-H, Hwu W-J, Padhye NS, Masino C, Dibaj SS, Liu DD, Williams JL, Lu Z, Bruera E.
Cranial electrotherapy stimulation for the management of depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and pain in patients with advanced cancer: a preliminary study.
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2018, 55(2): 198–206.
Case Series and Reports
Hare, Jean P., Misialek, Leah H., Palis, Katy and Wong, Charmin.
Using cranial electrotherapy stimulation therapy to treat behavioral health symptoms in a combat operational setting.
Military Medicine. 2016; 181(11):1410-1412.
Kirsch, D.L., Price, L.R., Nichols, F., Marksberry, J.A., & Platoni, K.T.
Military Service Member and Veteran Self-Reports of Efficacy of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation for Anxiety, PTSD, Insomnia, and Depression.
The Army Medical Department Journal. 2014; 46-54.
Insomnia Research, Studies, Trials and Reports
Randomized Controlled Trials
Khyatee, S., Sarker,A., & Aggarwal R.
Impact of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation Based Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in Insomnia.
Communications in Computer and Information Science, Vol 922. Springer, Singapore, 2019.
Ren, Y., Zhu, Y., Yang, J., & Ding, F.
Efficacy of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation on Anxiety and Sleep Qualities Among Elderly Patients with Chronic Sleep Disorders.
Chinese Journal Modern Nursing. 2019; 25(24).
Lande, R. Gregory and Gragnani, Cynthia.
Efficacy of cranial electric stimulation for the treatment of insomnia: A randomized pilot study.
Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 21(1):8-13, 2013.
Open-Label Clinical Trials
Kirsch TB, Kuhn J, Price LR, Marksberry J, Haltiwanger SG.
A novel medical device that relieves anxiety, depression and pain while improving sleep in a population of teachers.
Journal of Depression and Anxiety. 2019; 8:334.
Yennurajalingam S, Kang D-H, Hwu W-J, Padhye NS, Masino C, Dibaj SS, Liu DD, Williams JL, Lu Z, Bruera E.
Cranial electrotherapy stimulation for the management of depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and pain in patients with advanced cancer: a preliminary study.
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2018, 55(2): 198–206.
Case Series and Reports
Kirsch, D.L., Price, L.R., Nichols, F., Marksberry, J.A., & Platoni, K.T.
Military Service Member and Veteran Self-Reports of Efficacy of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation for Anxiety, PTSD, Insomnia, and Depression.
The Army Medical Department Journal. 2014; 46-54.
Depression Research, Studies, Trials and Reports
Randomized Controlled Trials
Kong, S., Gao, C., & Yang, Z.
Effects of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation on the Levels of HPA, BDNF and Clinical Symptoms in Patients with Mild Depression.
Journal of International Psychiatry. 2021; 48(1).
Gao, C., Kong, S., Duan, H., Yang, Z., Li, D.
Effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation on suicidal ideation and event-related potentials in patients with treatment-resistant depression.
China Journal of Health Psychology. 2021; 29(2):183-188.
Roh, HT. & So, W-Y.
Cranial electrotherapy stimulation affects mood state but not levels of peripheral neurotrophic factors or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation.
Technology and health care. 2017; 25(3):403–412.
Barclay TH, Barclay RD.
A clinical trial of cranial electrotherapy stimulation for anxiety and comorbid depression.
Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014; 164:171-177.
Open-Label Clinical Trials
Kirsch TB, Kuhn J, Price LR, Marksberry J, Haltiwanger SG.
A novel medical device that relieves anxiety, depression and pain while improving sleep in a population of teachers.
Journal of Depression and Anxiety. 2019; 8:334.
Royal, S., Keeling, S., Kelsall, N., Price, L., Fordham, R., Xydopoulos, G., et al.
Feasibility, acceptability and costs of nurse-led Alpha-Stim cranial electrostimulation to treat anxiety and depression in university students.
BMC Primary Care. 2022; 23:97.
Morriss R, Price L.
Differential effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation on changes in anxiety and depression symptoms over time in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.
Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020, 277: 785-788.
Yennurajalingam S, Kang D-H, Hwu W-J, Padhye NS, Masino C, Dibaj SS, Liu DD, Williams JL, Lu Z, Bruera E.
Cranial electrotherapy stimulation for the management of depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and pain in patients with advanced cancer: a preliminary study.
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2018, 55(2): 198–206.
Case Series and Reports
Kirsch, D.L., Price, L.R., Nichols, F., Marksberry, J.A., & Platoni, K.T.
Military Service Member and Veteran Self-Reports of Efficacy of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation for Anxiety, PTSD, Insomnia, and Depression.
The Army Medical Department Journal. 2014; 46-54.
Pain Research, Studies, Trials and Reports
Randomized Controlled Trials
Taylor, Ann Gill, Anderson, Joel G., Riedel, Shannon L., Lewis, Jante E., Kinser, Patricia A., and Bourguignon, Cheryl.
Cranial electrical stimulation improves symptoms and functional status in individuals with fibromyalgia.
Pain Management Nursing. 2013 Dec;14(4):327-335.
Tan, Gabriel, Rintala, Diana, Jensen, Mark P., Richards, J. Scott, Holmes, Sally Ann, Parachuri, Rama, Lashgari-Saegh, Shamsi and Price, Larry R.
Efficacy of cranial electrotherapy stimulation for neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury: a multi-site randomized controlled trial with a secondary 6-month open-label phase.
The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. 2011; 34(3):285-296.
Tan, Gabriel, Rintala, Diana H., Thornby, John, Yang, June, Wade, Walter, and Vasilev, Christine.
Using cranial electrotherapy stimulation to treat pain associated with spinal cord Injury.
Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development. 2006; 43(4):461-474.
Open-Label Clinical Trials
Kirsch TB, Kuhn J, Price LR, Marksberry J, Haltiwanger SG.
A novel medical device that relieves anxiety, depression and pain while improving sleep in a population of teachers.
Journal of Depression and Anxiety. 2019; 8:334.
Yennurajalingam S, Kang D-H, Hwu W-J, Padhye NS, Masino C, Dibaj SS, Liu DD, Williams JL, Lu Z, Bruera E.
Cranial electrotherapy stimulation for the management of depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and pain in patients with advanced cancer: a preliminary study.
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2018, 55(2): 198–206.
Case Series and Reports
Kirsch, D.L., Price, L.R., Nichols, F., Marksberry, J.A., & Platoni, K.T.
Military Service Member and Veteran Self-Reports of Efficacy of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation for Anxiety, PTSD, Insomnia, and Depression.
The Army Medical Department Journal. 2014; 46-54.
A World-Leading Medical Device
Alpha-Stim is FDA-cleared for anxiety, insomnia, and pain — and approved for depression outside the United States. It holds MHRA approval and has been trialled by health systems internationally, including the NHS in the UK and the VA in the USA.
Experience the Evidence
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